Sunday, December 16, 2012

Negotiable instrument

Negotiable instrument
A negotiable instrument is a document guaranteeing the payment of a specific amount of money, either on demand, or at a set time. Negotiable instruments are often defined in legislation. For example, according to the Section 13 of the Negotiable Instruments Act, 1881 in India


Types of Negotiable instrument
A negotiable instrument is a promissory note, bill of exchange or cheque payable either to order or to bearer. Cheque also includes demand draft 

In other words it is a document contemplated by a contract, which (1) warrants the payment of money, the promise of or order for conveyance of which is unconditional; (2) specifies or describes the payee, who is designated on and memorialized by the instrument; and (3) is capable of change through transfer by valid negotiation of the instrument.

Friday, December 7, 2012

CTS-2010 Standard for Cheque


"CTS-2010 Standard" for Cheque Forms – Specifications
1. Mandatory features on CTS 2010 Cheque

1.1 Paper (At Manufacturing Stage) : Status quo shall be maintained in relation to paper specifications as it exists currently. Details of current specifications are
contained in the document 'Mechanised cheque processing using MICR technology - Procedural Guidelines', available at - http://www.rbi.org.in/scripts/PublicationsView.aspx?id=4551.Additionally, paper should be image friendly and have protection against alterations by having chemical sensitivity to acids, alkalis, bleaches and solvents giving a visible result after a fraudulent attack. CTS-2010 Standard paper should not glow under Ultra-Violet (UV) light i.e., it should be UV dull. This shall ensure that the feel of cheques is uniform across banks.

1.2 Watermark (At Manufacturing Stage) : All cheques shall carry a standardised watermark, with the words “CTS-INDIA” which can be seen when held against any light source. This would make it difficult for any fraudster to photocopy or print an instrument since this paper would be available only to security printers handling cheque printing. The watermark should be oval in shape and diameter could be 2.6 to 3.0 cms. Each cheque must hold atleast one full watermark. Sample watermarks that would be used in CTS will be finalised in consultation with Indian Banks’ Association (IBA) / National Payments Corporation of India (NPCI) and could (illustratively) appear as under -




1.3 VOID pantograph (At Printing Stage): Pantograph with hidden / embedded “COPY” or “VOID” feature shall be included in the cheques. This feature should not be visible on the scanned image at the resolution specified in CTS but should be clearly visible in photocopies and scanned colour images as resolution used in such cases would be above the prescribed CTS standards. This would act as a deterrent against colour photocopy or scanned colour images of a cheque.

1.4 Bank’s logo printed with invisible ink (ultra-violet ink) (At Printing Stage) : Bank’s logo shall be printed in ultra-violet (UV) ink. The logo will be captured by / visible in UV-enabled scanners / lamps. It will establish genuineness of a cheque.

1.5 Field placements of a cheque : Placement of significant fields on the cheque forms shall be mandated. However, placement of additional fields shall be left to banks. This will enable data capturing by Optical / Image Character Recognition (OCR / ICR) engines in offline mode and help banks in automating their payment processes. A sample cheque with recommended field placements is placed at 4 below.

2. Desirable features
2.1 In addition to the mandatory security features as above, banks can consider including additional security features as per their risk perception like (i) supplementary watermark containing their own logo, (ii) embedded fluorescent fibres, (iii) fugitive ink, (iv) secondary fluorescent ink, (v) micro-lettering, (vi) toner fusing, (vii) check-sum, (viii) patterns, (ix) floral designs, (x) bleeding ink, (xi) structural magnetics, (xii) security thread, (xiii) hot stamped holograms on multi-city cheques and demand drafts, (xiv) auto-detection tools, (xv) use of UV band on sensitive and key areas of interest on a cheque such as Legal Amount Recognition (Amount in Words), Courtesy Amount Recognition (Amount in Figures), Signature, Beneficiary Name, (xvi) pre-encoding of amount field on the MICR band for demand drafts / pay orders (above a self-decided cut-off) before issue to customers, (xvii) use of check-sum on the face of demand drafts / pay orders (other than the MICR band), etc.

What is CTS 2010 ?  Sample of CTS 2010 Cheque:

Tuesday, November 13, 2012

West Bengal PSC Recruitment West Bengal Civil Service Examination Vacancy

Organization Name: West Bengal PSC
Job Position : West Bengal Civil Service Examination
Pay Scale: Rs.12270-21000/-
Eligibility: Graduate
Job Location : West Bengal
Last Date : 30-11-2012
Hiring Process : Written-test
Jobs Details :- Application are invited for the Posts of West Bengal Civil Service Examination in West Bengal PSC.


Qualifications : A degree of a recognized University.(ii) Ability to read, write and speak Bengali (not required for recruitment in the case of candidates from hill areas of the district of Darjeeling, i.e. for Nepali speaking candidates). Age Limit : 21-32 Years. Pay Scale : Rs.12270-21000/-

How to Apply : Applications along with (i) I.P.O./Treasury Challan, in original, for Rs.210/- only (for candidates other than SC/ST of West Bengal and for candidates having physical disabilities of 40% and above), (ii) One copy of recent passport size photograph signed by the candidate and pasted on the application (An identical copy of the photograph will be required for pasting on the Attendance Sheet to be sent by this office along with the Admit Card), (iii) Photocopies of certificates of age, prescribed educational qualification and other documents in support of the claim for having SC/ST/BC and Persons with Disabilities (40% and above) status from competent authority, if applicable, either self-certified or duly attested by a Group-’A’ Officer of Central/State Government or Head of a recognised Secondary School or College and (iv) Two self-addressed unstamped envelopes may be submitted either personally between 11-00 a.m. & 3-30 p.m. on all working days at the Enquiry Counter of the Commission’s Office at 161-A, S.P. Mukherjee Road, Kolkata – 700 026 or strictly by registered or speed post or under certificate of posting addressed to the Deputy Secretary (Examination), Public Service Commission, West Bengal at the same address. The envelope containing application must be superscribed with (i) advertisement no., (ii) the name of the Examination and (iii) the name of the Examination Centre opted. Applications received after the closing date shall be rejected. The application form shall be filled in candidate’s own handwriting in blue/black ink and signed by him/her. Closing date for receipt of application- 30th November, 2012.

For More Information http://www.pscwb.org.in/

BHEL Job Openings Trade Apprentice Vacancy

Job Organization Name: BHEL
Job Position : Trade Apprentice
Pay Scale: Rs.3000/-
Eligibility: ITI Job
Location : Madhya Pradesh
Last Date : 15-11-2012
Hiring Process : Interview.
Jobs Details :- Application are invited for the Posts of Trade Apprentice in BHEL.
Post Name : Trade Apprentice
Qualifications : Applicant must be passed in National trade test in relevant trade, organized by NCVT recognized ITI in first attempt with minimum 60% marks (For SC/ ST – 55%). or Welder ( Gas and Electric) – Minimum 10th pass
No. Of Post : 580 Posts.
Pay Scale : Rs.3000/-

How to Apply : Candidate may send application through only online mode from 08th of November, 2012 to 15th of November, 2012. After submission of Application, applicants are suggested to take a print out of application for further use. Print out of application should b sent to Post Box No. 35, Post Office Piplani, BHEL Bhopal, Pin code – 462022. (M.P).End Date of Receipt of print copy of Application 30/12/2012. Attested copies of relevant supporting documents in claim of Age proof, Educational Qualification with marks sheet, ITI, Resident Certificate, and Caste & PWD (if applicable) must be enclosed with application.

For More Information BHEL vacancy  http://210.212.144.140/atr/app_main_starting.jsp

Saturday, September 22, 2012

Electronic Clearing Service (ECS)

Q.1. What is Electronic Clearing Service (ECS)?
Ans : ECS is an electronic mode of payment / receipt for transactions that are repetitive and periodic in nature. ECS is used by institutions for making bulk payment of amounts towards distribution of dividend, interest, salary, pension, etc., or for bulk collection of amounts towards telephone / electricity / water dues, cess / tax collections, loan installment repayments, periodic investments in mutual funds, insurance premium etc
. Essentially, ECS facilitates bulk transfer of monies from one bank account to many bank accounts or vice versa.

Q.2. What are the variants of ECS? In what way are they different from each other?
Ans : Primarily, there are two variants of ECS - ECS Credit and ECS Debit.
ECS Credit is used by an institution for affording credit to a large number of beneficiaries (for instance, employees, investors etc.) having accounts with bank branches at various locations within the jurisdiction of a ECS Centre by raising a single debit to the bank account of the user institution. ECS Credit enables payment of amounts towards distribution of dividend, interest, salary, pension, etc., of the user institution.

ECS Debit is used by an institution for raising debits to a large number of accounts (for instance, consumers of utility services, borrowers, investors in mutual funds etc.) maintained with bank branches at various locations within the jurisdiction of a ECS Centre for single credit to the bank account of the user institution. ECS Debit is useful for payment of telephone / electricity / water bills, cess / tax collections, loan installment repayments, periodic investments in mutual funds, insurance premium etc., that are periodic or repetitive in nature and payable to the user institution by large number of customers etc.

Q.3. At how many places in the country is ECS Scheme available?
Ans : Based on the geographical location of branches covered, there are three broad categories of ECS Schemes – Local ECS, Regional ECS and National ECS.
Local ECS – this is operating at 81 centres / locations across the country. At each of these ECS centres, the branch coverage is restricted to the geographical coverage of the clearing house, generally covering one city and/or satellite towns and suburbs adjoining the city.
Regional ECS – this is operating at 9 centres / locations at various parts of the country. RECS facilitates the coverage all core-banking-enabled branches in a State or group of States and can be used by institutions desirous of reaching beneficiaries within the State / group of States. The system takes advantage of the core banking system in banks. Accordingly, even though the inter-bank settlement takes place centrally at one location in the State, the actual customers under the Scheme may have their accounts at various bank branches across the length and breadth of the State / group of States.
National ECS – this is the centralized version of ECS Credit which was launched in October 2008. The Scheme is operated at Mumbai and facilitates the coverage of all core-banking enabled branches located anywhere in the country. This system too takes advantage of the core banking system in banks. Accordingly, even though the inter-bank settlement takes place centrally at one location at Mumbai, the actual customers under the Scheme may have their accounts at various bank branches across the length and breadth of the country. Banks are free to add any of their core-banking-enabled branches in NECS irrespective of their location.
ECS (CREDIT)

Q.4. Who can initiate an ECS Credit transaction?
Ans : ECS Credit payments can be initiated by any institution (called ECS Credit User) which needs to make bulk or repetitive payments to a number of beneficiaries. The institutional User has to first register with an ECS Centre. The User has to also obtain the consent of beneficiaries (i.e., the recipients of salary, pension, dividend, interest etc.) and get their bank account particulars prior to participation in the ECS Credit scheme.
ECS Credit payments can be put through by the ECS User only through his / her bank (known as the Sponsor bank). ECS Credits are afforded to the beneficiary account holders (known as destination account holders) through the beneficiary account holders’ bank (known as the destination bank). The beneficiary account holders are required to give mandates to the user institutions to enable them to afford credit to their bank accounts through the ECS Credit mechanism.

Q.5. How does the ECS Credit Scheme work?
Ans : The User intending to effect payments through ECS Credit has to submit details of the beneficiaries (like name, bank / branch / account number of the beneficiary, MICR code of the destination bank branch, etc.), date on which credit is to be afforded to the beneficiaries, etc., in a specified format (called the input file) through its sponsor bank to one of the ECS Centres where it is registered as a User.
The bank managing the ECS Centre then debits the account of the sponsor bank on the scheduled settlement day and credits the accounts of the destination banks, for onward credit to the accounts of the ultimate beneficiaries with the destination bank branches.

Q.6. What is a MICR Code?
Ans : MICR is an acronym for Magnetic Ink Character Recognition. The MICR Code is a numeric code that uniquely identifies a bank-branch participating in the ECS Credit scheme. This is a 9 digit code to identify the location of the bank branch; the first 3 characters represent the city, the next 3 the bank and the last 3 the branch. The MICR Code allotted to a bank branch is printed on the MICR band of cheques issued by bank branches.

Q.7. How does a beneficiary participate in ECS Credit Scheme? Ans : The beneficiary has to furnish a mandate to the user institution giving consent to avail the ECS Credit facility. The mandate contains details of his / her bank branch, account particulars and authorises the user institution to afford credit to his / her account with the destination bank branch.

Q.8. Is it necessary for user institutions to collect the mandates from beneficiaries?
Ans : Yes, in addition to the consent of the beneficiaries, the mandate also provides important information related to bank account details etc. which are useful for the user institution to transfer funds to the right accounts . A model mandate form has been prescribed for the purpose and is available in the ECS Credit Procedural Guidelines.

Q.9. Is there scope for the beneficiary to alter the mandate under the ECS Credit Scheme?
Ans : Yes. In case the information / account particulars contained in the mandate undergo any change, the beneficiary has to notify the changes to the User Institution so that the correct information can be incorporated in its records. This will ensure that transactions do not get rejected at the beneficiary’s bank branch due to inconsistencies/ mismatch in the data sent by the user institution.

Q.10. Can ECS be used to transfer funds to Non Resident External (NRE) and Non Resident Ordinary (NRO) accounts?
Ans: Yes. ECS can be used to transfer funds to NRE and NRO accounts in the country. This, however, is subject to the adherence to the provisions of the Foreign Exchange Management Act, 2000 (FEMA) and Wire Transfer Guidelines.

Q.11. Will beneficiaries be intimated of credits afforded to their account under the ECS Credit Scheme?
Ans : It is the responsibility of the user institution to communicate to the beneficiary the details of credit that is being afforded to his / her account, indicating the proposed date of credit, amount and related particulars of the payment. Destination banks have been advised to ensure that the pass books / statements given to the beneficiary account holders reflect particulars of the transaction / credit provided by the ECS user institutions. The beneficiaries can match the entries in the passbook / account statement with the advice received by them from the User Institutions. Many banks also give mobile alerts / messages to customers after credit of such funds to accounts.

Q.12. What will happen if credit is not afforded to the account of the beneficiary?
Ans: If a Destination Bank is not in a position to credit the beneficiary account due to any reason, the same would be returned to the ECS Centre to enable the ECS Centre to pass on the uncredited items to the User Institution through the Sponsor Bank. The User Institution can then initiate payment through alternate modes to the beneficiary.
In case of delayed credit by the destination bank, the destination bank would be liable to pay penal interest (at the prevailing RBI LAF Repo rate plus two percent) from the due date of credit till the date of actual credit. Such penal interest should be credited to the Destination Account Holder’s account even if no claim is lodged to the effect by the Destination Account Holder.

Q.13. What are the advantages of the ECS Credit Scheme to the beneficiary?
Ans : ECS Credit offers many advantages to the beneficiary –
The beneficiary need not visit his / her bank for depositing the paper instruments which he would have otherwise received had he not opted for ECS Credit. The beneficiary need not be apprehensive of loss / theft of physical instruments or the likelihood of fraudulent encashment thereof. Cost effective. The beneficiary receives the funds right on the due date.

Q.14. How does the ECS Credit Scheme benefit User Institutions?
Ans : User institutions enjoy many advantages as well. For instance,
Savings on administrative machinery and costs of printing, dispatch and reconciliation of paper instruments that would have been used had beneficiaries not opted for ECS Credit. Avoid chances of loss / theft of instruments in transit, likelihood of fraudulent encashment of paper instruments, etc. and subsequent correspondence / litigation. Efficient payment mode ensuring that the beneficiaries get credit on a designated date. Cost effective.

Q.15. Are there any advantages of the ECS Credit Scheme to the banking system?
Ans : Yes, the banking system too benefits from ECS Credit Scheme such as – Freedom from paper handling and the resultant disadvantages of handling, presenting and monitoring paper instruments presented in clearing. Ease of processing and return for the destination bank branches. Smooth process of reconciliation for the sponsor banks. Cost effective.

Q.16. Is there any limit on the value of individual transactions in ECS Credit?
Ans : No. There is no value limit on the amount of individual transactions.

Q.17. What are the processing / service charges levied under ECS Credit?
Ans : The Reserve Bank of India has deregulated the charges to be levied by sponsor banks from user institutions. The sponsor banks are, however, required to disclose the charges in a transparent manner. With effect from 1st July 2011, originating banks are required to pay a nominal charge of 25 paise per transaction to the Clearing house and destination bank respectively. Destination bank branches have been directed to afford ECS Credit free of charge to the beneficiary account holders.
ECS (DEBIT)

Q.18. Who can initiate a ECS Debit transaction?
Ans : ECS Debit transaction can be initiated by any institution (called ECS Debit User) which has to receive / collect amounts towards telephone / electricity / water dues, cess / tax collections, loan installment repayments, periodic investments in mutual funds, insurance premium etc. It is a Scheme under which an account holder with a bank branch can authorise an ECS User to recover an amount at a prescribed frequency by raising a debit to his / her bank account.
The User institution has to first register with an ECS Centre. The User institution has to also obtain the authorization (mandate) from its customers for debiting their account along with their bank account particulars prior to participation in the ECS Debit scheme. The mandate has to be duly verified by the beneficiary’s bank. A copy of the mandate should be available on record with the destination bank where the customer has a bank account.

Q.19. How does the ECS Debit Scheme work?
Ans : The ECS Debit User intending to collect receivables through ECS Debit has to submit details of the customers (like name, bank / branch / account number of the customer, MICR code of the destination bank branch, etc.), date on which the customer’s account is to be debited, etc., in a specified format (called the input file) through its sponsor bank to the ECS Centre.
The bank managing the ECS Centre then passes on the debits to the destination banks for onward debit to the customer’s account with the destination bank branch and credits the sponsor bank's account for onward credit to the User institution. Destination bank branches will treat the electronic instructions received from the ECS Centre on par with the physical cheques and accordingly debit the customer accounts maintained with them. All the unsuccessful debits are returned to the sponsor bank through the ECS Centre (for onward return to the User Institution) within the specified time frame.

Q.20. What are the advantages of ECS Debit Scheme to the customers?
Ans : The advantages of ECS Debit to customers are many and include,
ECS Debit mandates will take care of automatic debit to customer accounts on the due dates without customers having to visit bank branches / collection centres of utility service providers etc. Customers need not keep track of due date for payments. The debits to customer accounts would be monitored by the ECS Users, and the customers alerted accordingly. Cost effective.

Q.21. How does the ECS Debit Scheme benefit user institutions?
Ans : User institutions enjoy many benefits from the ECS Debit Scheme like, Savings on administrative machinery and costs of collecting the cheques from customers, presenting in clearing, monitoring their realisation and reconciliation. Better cash management because of realisation / recovery of dues on due dates promptly and efficiently. Avoids chances of loss / theft of instruments in transit, likelihood of fraudulent access to the paper instruments and encashment thereof. Realisation of payments on a uniform date instead of fragmented receipts spread over many days. Cost effective.

Q.22. What are the advantages of ECS Debit Scheme to the banking system?
Ans : The banking system has many benefits from ECS Debit such as –
Freedom from paper handling and the resultant disadvantages of handling, receiving and monitoring paper instruments presented in clearing. Ease of processing and return for the destination bank branches. Destination bank branches can debit the customers’ accounts after matching the account number of the customer in their database and due verification of existence of valid mandate and its particulars. With core banking systems in place and straight-through-processing, this process can be completed with minimal manual intervention. Smooth process of reconciliation for the sponsor banks. Cost effective.

Q.23. Can the mandate once given by a customer be withdrawn or stopped?
Ans : Yes. Any mandate in ECS Debit is on par with a cheque issued by a customer. The customer has to maintain adequate funds in his / her account with the destination bank branch to ensure the ECS Debit instructions are honoured when presented. In case of any need to withdraw or stop a mandate, the customer has to give prior notice to the ECS user institution well in time, so as to ensure that the input files submitted by the user do not continue to include the ECS Debit details in respect of the mandates withdrawn or stopped by customers. The process flow to be followed for withdrawing / stopping mandates is detailed in ECS Debit Procedural Guidelines.

Q.24. Can a customer stipulate a ceiling on the amount of debit, purpose or validity period of the mandate under the ECS Debit Scheme?
Ans : Yes. It is left to the choice of the individual customer and the ECS user to decide these aspects. The mandate can contain a ceiling on the maximum amount of debit, specify the purpose of debit and validity period of the mandate.

Q.25. Is there any limit on the value of Individual transactions in ECS Debit?
Ans : No. There is no value limit on the amount of individual transactions that can be collected by ECS Debit.

Q.26. What are the processing / service charges levied under ECS Debit?
Ans : The Reserve Bank of India has deregulated the charges to be levied by sponsor banks from user institutions. The sponsor banks are, however, required to disclose the charges in a transparent manner. With effect from 1st July 2011, originating banks are required to pay a nominal charge of 25 paise and 50 paise per transaction to the Clearing house and destination bank respectively. Bank branches do not generally levy processing / service charges for debiting the accounts of customers maintained with them.


Friday, September 21, 2012

Jobs Project Fellow in Maharshi Dayanand University.

Job Name: Maharshi Dayanand University
Job Position : Project Fellow
Pay Scale: Rs.14000/-
Eligibility: M Sc
Job Location : Rohtak
Application Last Date : 21-09-2012


Jobs Details :- Vacancies of Project Fellow in Maharshi Dayanand University.
Post Name : Project Fellow
Qualifications : MSc. (55%) in Botany or any Branch of Life Science.
Pay Scale : Rs.14000/- Per Month.
How to Apply : Candidate may reach the Lab of( Principal Investigator ), MDU along with their curriculum vita, original certificate and one set of attested copies in support of their educational qualification on 24th September, 2012 at 9.15 AM.The candidates can also Email their CV in advance up to 21th Sept. 2012 to the Dr. Asha Sharma,(Principal investigator),Email: asharako@rediffmail.com

For More Information Click Here

JBT Teacher vacancies (ADVT-SEPT 2012) Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan

JBT Teacher Jobs in Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan (SSA) Society, Chandigarh invites applications for recruitment of JBT Teachers. SSA Society Chandigarh is going to fill up 654 vacancies through this job notification.
Last Date for application: 03-Oct-2012.

Educational Qualification : Candidates applying for the post of JBT Teachers need to possess Senior Secondary or its equivalent with at least 50% marks from a recognized university & 2 years diploma in Elementary Education and should be qualified in Teacher Eligibility Test (TET) conducted by CBSE.
Age Limit :The age should be less than 35 years as on 03-10-2012 Age Relaxation: The age is relaxable up to 45 years for widows, deserted women, and handicapped. Up to 40 years for SC/ST/Women/Govt. servants, 38 years for OBCs. For Ex-serviceman and other category relaxation will be as per the rules of SSA Society Chandigarh, U.T.

click here to view Advertisment for the post of JBT Teacher (ADVT-SEPT 2012)
click here to apply online for the post of JBT (ADVT-SEPT 2012)


Monday, June 25, 2012

Jobs in Gujarat State Electricity Corporation Limited

Jobs in Gujarat State Electricity Corporation Limited for Medical Officer, Assistant Medical Officer
Jobs Details : Application are invited for the Posts of Medical Officer, Assistant Medical Officer, Lady Doctor in Gujarat State Electricity Corporation Limited.
Post Name : Medical Officer/Assistant Medical Officer/ Lady Doctor
Qualifications : For Medical Officer MD or MBBS with DGO. For Asstt. Medical Officer/Lady Doctor MBBS (Industrial Physician Course would be preferred).
No. Of Post : 03 Posts.
Age Limit : 30-35 Years.As per the Karnataka State Government Rules
Pay Scale : Rs.27000-44710 -For Medical Officer Rs.21200-42000 -For Asstt. MO /Lady Doctor

Application Fee : Administrative Charges (non-refundable) Rs. 500/- for Unreserved and SEBC, and Rs. 250/- for ST are to be paid through Demand Draft only, and payment in any other mode is not acceptable. Candidates are required to attach Demand draft issued by a Nationalised Bank in favour of “Gujarat State Electricity Corporation Ltd.”Payable at Vadodara along with application.

How to Apply : The details of the same should be specified correctly in the application. Candidates meeting with the requirements may apply in prescribed proforma along with 2 passport size photographs and attested copies of School Leaving Certificate, Degree Certificate, Marksheet & Caste Certificate, Demand Draft on or before 05.07.2012 to the I/c..CGM (HR&A) GSECL, Viduyt Bhavan, Race Course, Vadodara – 390007.

For More Information http://www.gsecl.in/MO-AMO-%20LD-21062012.pdf

Sunday, May 20, 2012

PPSC Assistant Director Openings In May 2012

Jobs Details :- The Punjab Public Service Commission invites Applications from eligible Candidates for recruitment to 10 posts of Assistant Director of Factories.
Post Name : Assistant Director
Qualifications : Posts Graduate.
No. Of Post : 10 Posts.  Age Limit : 18-37 Years.


Pay Scale : Rs.15600-39100/- Grade Pay Rs.5400/- PM .
How to Apply : Application From complete in all respect along with the DD of Rs.200/- (Rs.50/- for SC/ ST/ BC) in favour of Secretary, Punjab Public Service Commission, should reach the office of Secretary, Punjab Public Service Commission, Patiala, Punjab latest by 5.00 PM on 18/06/2012.

For More Information http://ppsc.gov.in/

Join Indian Army as Lieutenant Openings In May 2012

Jobs Details :- Applications are invited from unmarried male who have passed 10+2 examination with Physics, Chemistry and Mathematics subjects and fulfill the eligibility conditions for the grant of Permanent Commission (PSC) in the Indian Army.
1-Post Name : All Posts (Lieutenant, Major, Captain)
Qualifications : 10+2 (PCM) with 70% marks.
No. Of Post : 85 Posts.

Age Limit : 16 and half to 19 and half years i.e. born between 01 July 1993 and and 01 July 1996 (both days inclusive)
Pay Scale : Candidates will be entitled to pay sclae of Rs.15600-39100/- plus Grade Pay Rs.5400 plus MSP Rs.6000/- and other allowances.
Physical Standard: min. height 152 cm and weight 42 kg., better eye 6/6 and worst eye 6/18.
Type of Commission : On successful completion of 4 years of the course cadets will be granted
Permanent Commission in the Army in the rank of Lt. in Arms/Services as per discretion of Army Hq.

Method of Selection: Only selected (shortlisted) candidates will be called for Service Selection Board (SSB) interview at Allahabad, Bhopal and Bangalore for fives selection process in Aug/Sep. In which candidates will be put through Psychological test, Group Test and Interview.

How to Apply : Apply Online at Indian Army website
http://joinindianarmy.nic.in (Officer’s->How to Apply–>ONLINE APPLICATION) from 22/05/2012 to 02/02/2012. Take a print out of the system generated to “Additional Directorate General of Recruiting (Rtg-6), TES Section, West Block-III, R.K.Puram, New Delhi-110066″ to reach by 10/07/2012.

For More Information: https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEipoixLVOFs45nC2xH7DGWw5MRtrcKYg0LJk8IOi1fOjUCDmP7KdrYLtdUoPkrGxSOCmlBj_lBKEi42teHFMwI5pg8f9JSPFPcwZoi8FYp9pPm9YEtXGjEYPLvcxEavvSH1WR7z5Cpshx8/s1600/28th10plus2TechnicalEntryinArmy.png

Saturday, February 11, 2012

Choose Human rights (HR) as a career

Human rights are rights inherent to all human beings, irrespective of nationality, place of residence, sex, national or ethnic origin, color, religion, language, or any other status. We are all equally entitled to our human rights without discrimi-nation. These rights are interrelated, interdependent and indivisible.



Universal human rights are often expressed and guaranteed by law, in the form of treaties, customary international law, general principles and other sources of international law. International human rights law lays down obligations to act in certain ways or to refrain from certain acts, in order to promote and protect human rights and fundamental freedoms of individuals or groups.

Human Rights legislation commonly contains:

Security rights that protect people against crimes such as murder, massacre, torture and rape
Liberty rights that protect freedoms in area such as belief and religion, association, assemblies and movement
Political rights that protect the liberty to participate in politics by expressing themselves, protesting, voting and serving in public office
Due process rights that protect against abuse of the legal system such as imprisonment without trial, secret trials and excessive punishment
Equality rights that guarantee equal citizenship, equality before law and non discrimination
Welfare rights (also known as economic and social rights) that require the provision of education and protection against severe poverty and starvation
Group rights that provide protection for group against ethnic genocide and for the ownership by countries of their national territories and resources
Violation of Human Rights

According to the Universal Declaration of Human rights, fundamental rights are violated when:

A Certain, Creed, or a group is denied recognition as a “person” (Article 2)
Men and Women are not treated as equal (Article 2)
Different Racial or Religious groups are not treated equally (Article 2)
Life, liberty or security of person are threatened (Article 3)
A person is sold as or used as a slave (Article 4)
Cruel, inhuman or degrading punishment is used on a person (such as torture or execution) (Article 5)
Punishments are dealt arbitrarily or unilaterally, without a proper and fair trial (Article 11)
Arbitrary interference into personal, or private lives by agents of the state (Article 12)
Citizens are forbidden to leave their country (Article 13)
Freedom of Speech or religion are denied (Article 18 & 19)
The right to join a trade union is denied (Article 23)
Education is denied (Article 26)
Universal and Inalienable

The principle of universality of human rights is the cornerstone of international human rights law. This principle, as first emphasized in the Universal Declaration on Human Rights in 1948, has been reiterated in numerous international human rights conventions, declarations, and resolutions. The 1993 Vienna World Conference on Human Rights, for example, noted that it is the duty of States to promote and protect all human rights and fundamental freedoms, regardless of their political, economic and cultural systems.

All States have ratified at least one, and 80% of States have ratified four or more, of the core human rights treaties, reflecting consent of States which creates legal obligations for them and gives concrete expression to universality. Some fundamental human rights norms enjoy universal protection by customary international law across all boundaries and civilizations.

Human rights are inalienable. They should not be taken away, except in specific situations and according to due process. For example, the right to liberty may be restricted if a person is found guilty of a crime by a court of law.

Interdependent and Indivisible

All human rights are indivisible, whether they are civil and political rights, such as the right to life, equality before the law and freedom of expression; economic, social and cultural rights, such as the rights to work, social security and education, or collective rights, such as the rights to development and self-determination, are indivisible, interrelated and interdependent. The improvement of one right facilitates advancement of the others. Likewise, the deprivation of one right adversely affects the others.

Equal and Non-discriminatory

Non-discrimination is a cross-cutting principle in international human rights law. The principle is present in all the major human rights treaties and provides the central theme of some of international human rights conventions such as the International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination and the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women.

The principle applies to everyone in relation to all human rights and freedoms and it prohibits discrimination on the basis of a list of categories such as sex, race, colour and so on. The principle of non-discrimination is complemented by the principle of equality, as stated in Article 1 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights: “All human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights.”

Both Rights and Obligations

Human rights entail both rights and obligations. States assume obligations and duties under international law to respect, to protect and to fulfill human rights. The obligation to respect means that States must refrain from interfering with or curtailing the enjoyment of human rights. The obligation to protect requires States to protect individuals and groups against human rights abuses. The obligation to fulfill means that States must take positive action to facilitate the enjoyment of basic human rights. At the individual level, while we are entitled to our human rights, we should also respect the human rights of others.

Tuesday, February 7, 2012

Jobs and Career in leather goods and accessories design

If designing is your passion and fashion your forte, then a degree in Leather Goods and Accessories Design can be your big ticket to the glamour world. Accessory design is one of the latest career trends that seem to have caught the fancy of many. We don’t blame them! After all this is one profession where the designers get to design all cool stuff ranging from gloves, to scarves to belts and more. Not only this, a career in accessory design can open your doors to the runways too. Leather technology in recent times is fast emerging as a lucrative career option.
Until a few years ago, those who happened to be in the industry were there by way of experience rather than through any formal training. But now, in India, scores of institutes are offering certificate as well as diploma courses in designing as well as production, adding a much needed professionalism to this industry. Accessories are a growing business with substantial employment opportunities.
The Indian leather industry is growing by leaps and bounds. One must be wondering why India is exporting so much of leather to western countries. Apparently because leatherwear still enjoys a great demand abroad and nowadays even the domestic market is developing and consuming the offerings of this industry. To many, it would also be a surprise to know that the Indian Leather industry is the fourth largest export earner in the country. One can only imagine what shape this industry takes on further maturing.

Nature of Work:

The demand of the leather goods is on the rise and is expected to grow further. With more and more multinationals coming to India, this industry is poised to become a hi-tech industry. Leatherwear constitutes a variety of products ranging from footwear and accessories like belts, bags, purses and caps to toys, upholstery, baggage, musical instruments, garment tags, gift items etc.

At present, most of the people in this industry are not trained but now with this industry advancing and developing both technologically and professionally, it calls for qualified professionals to cater to the needs and requirements of the people. Thinking of this industry as a career option, one can either take up designing or may get into the technical side that is production, depending upon the interest and aptitude. Both the options are rewarding. As far as designing is concerned, world over, designers have started using leather as an important part of their designer wear and accessories, which has made leather amongst the top apparel material. The other option being production is also not a bad proposition. On attaining requisite qualifications in the field of production, one can start working with leather manufacturing companies and tanneries.

Eligibility

To pursue a career in Leather Goods and Accessories Design, passion, super creativity and drive are needed. However, earning a specialized degree in Leather Goods and Accessory Design from leading fashion and art schools can position you for sleek jobs in fashion houses and glam stores. Several fashion and fine arts schools offer specialized courses as well as graduate programs in Leather Goods and accessory design. In order to enroll in associate or undergraduate programs, students must possess 10+2 and must pass standardized entrance tests. Most graduate and advanced programs entertain previous on-hand experience in designing and may request portfolio of creative work together with college transcripts during admission.

Personal Skills

If you are creative and, stylish and have enough verve to transform your ideas into attractive accessories, then a career in accessory designing may be your stuff. Designing is a serious business and it takes acute aesthetic refinement and creative knack to do justice to it. Aspiring designers wanting to join the fashion taskforce should have an up-to-date idea on new trends and have a wide grasp of economic parameters and technical skills. In-depth of understanding of technology, marketing, production and sales is always an added advantage. Apart from that, students should have an impeccable flair for style, perfect artistic skills, great sense of color and textures and more. Passion, patience, perseverance, dedication and, commitment are just other complementary skills required for this profession.

Leather industry as such, does not ask for very special attributes but just like any other industry, one needs to be a high achiever, committed, dedicated and hard worker for higher goals. If one happens to be in the production line. The work can be quite tiring, especially while working in the tanneries and production houses, often involving a lot of hard work and strain. Designing successfully, on the other hand is more of a combination of mental ability and artistic finesse. Creativity with uniqueness can do wonders for designers. So being creative and original is of utmost importance. They should combine well their mental ability to constantly think and come up with new ideas, with dexterity to give shape to their ideas.

Designers are required to display both a high level of creative ability and technical understanding of production methods
Fashion awareness, colour and shape sense are important
Problem solving skills, time management and a lot of self discipline go in to the making of a fashion design.
The ability to communicate ideas both visually and verbally
Openness to new ideas and influences
Interest in how cloths are made, fascination with change and development;
Team work skills and physical stamina are essential as hours of work are fairly long and demanding and you have to work in a team against tight deadlines.


Courses

Professional qualification has a great role for working efficiently in an organization. Apart from a professional degree/diploma, it’s also very important to up-date with the latest international standards and competition. In India there are various institutes offering several courses in leather products designing and technology. Some of them are as follows

M.Sc. in Leather Goods & Accessories Design (M.Sc.-LGAD)
B.Sc. in Leather Goods & Accessories Design (B.Sc. - LGAD)
Diploma in Leather Goods & Accessories Design
Certificate program in Leather Goods & Accessories Design.


Leather Goods Institutes

1. Center for Leather Goods & Accessories Footwear Design and Development Institute (FDDI), Ministry of Commerce &Industry, Govt. of India, Noida 201301
2. National Institute of Fashion Technology, New Delhi
3. Anna University, Sardar Patel Road, Guindy, Chennai

(Above list is indicative only.)

Career Prospects

An accessory adds to individual’s fashion sense! If you wish to be a major force in the fashion industry, then putting your passion and skills into accessory design can push your career to great heights. The beauty of this business is that you can start your craft from your kitchen top and then push your designs to retail and designer stores for world to know. Aspiring designers pursuing a professional course in accessory designing can expect to find job as designers, product managers, brand managers, visual merchandisers and entrepreneurs in areas like leather goods, precious and costume jewelry, tableware, giftware, watches, footwear, handicrafts and lifestyle products etc. What’s more, if you have the right entrepreneur skills, you can even own your own accessory line.The leather industry is set to boom with bright career opportunities in both technical and designing areas. The Indian corporate along with foreign multinationals in this industry have made it possible to look forward to exciting employment options. Earlier Indian exports included only raw materials, but now leather goods are fast catching up with increasing acceptance in the international markets. This has enhanced opportunities for designers.

Designers are found to be working with leather goods companies as technical designers and style designers. While Technical designers train themselves in pattern making, cutting, designing, Style designers are responsible for updating the product in fashion and style. Designers are also employed by leather garment production houses and boutiques. Established designers also hire young designers to work with them.

On gaining sufficient experience, one can also set up his own unit for production and marketing of leather based products. As far as career growth and progression is concerned it is purely performance based and there is no limit to what one can achieve. If you have a strong commitment to design and want to specialize in accessories, while enriching your personal project and boosting your professional career, this course responds to your needs.

Remuneration

The remuneration in the leather goods industry depends upon the company, nature of work and the area where you work. As most of the jobs are in the private sector, pay is generally high. With multinationals setting up their base in India, this industry is no longer confined to small scale and financial returns can be quite satisfactory. Fresh recruits can expect a starting pay package between Rs. 10000 - 15000 p.m., as a Designer, Merchandiser, & different category/product specialist designer depending upon their qualifications and the size of the organization. For freelancers and those self-employed in their own units returns are not fixed. It varies on the basis of individual performance.

Sunday, January 1, 2012

Assistant Executive Engineers Jobs In APPSC January 2012

Organization Name: Andhra Pradesh Public Service Commission
Job Position : Assistant Executive Engineers
Pay Scale: Rs.16150–42590/-PM
Eligibility: BE/B Tech
Job Location : Andhra Pradesh
Last Date: 23-05-2012
Hiring Process : Written-test.


Jobs Details :-

1- Assistant Executive Engineers :

Qualifications : Must possess a Bachelor’s Degree in Civil Engineering of a University in India established or incorporated by or under a Central Act, Provincial Act or a State Act or an Institution Recognized by the University Grants Commission / All India Council for Technical Education or an Equivalent qualification.Must be a graduate in Engineering (Civil/Mechanical) from any University in Indian established or incorporated by or under Central Act, Provincial Act or a State Act or an institution recognised by the University Grants Commission or an equivalent qualification.
No. Of Post : 1716 Posts.
Age Limit : 18-34 Years.
Pay Scale : Rs.16150–42590/-
Application Fee :

(Remittance of Fee) Each applicant must pay Rs. 100/- towards Application Processing Fee and Examination Fee Rs.120/-(if Candidates are not exempted from payment of Fee). Payment of Rs. 100/- towards application processing fee is compulsory for all Applicants. The Applicant should pay the prescribed Fee in any one of the A.P. Online centers / State Bank of India and obtain Fee paid challan with Journal Number in the first instance.(Note: 21/05/2012 is the last date for payment of fee).

How to Apply :

The desirous eligible Candidates may apply On Line between 24/04/2012 to 23/05/2012 .

For More Information http://website.apspsc.gov.in/Documents/NOTIFICATIONS/134.pdf

Assistant Executive Engineers Jobs In APPSC January 2012

Organization Name: Andhra Pradesh Public Service Commission
Job Position : Assistant Executive Engineers
Pay Scale: Rs.16150–42590/-PM
Eligibility: BE/B Tech
Job Location : Andhra Pradesh
Last Date: 23-05-2012
Hiring Process : Written-test.


Jobs Details :-

1- Assistant Executive Engineers :

Qualifications : Must possess a Bachelor’s Degree in Civil Engineering of a University in India established or incorporated by or under a Central Act, Provincial Act or a State Act or an Institution Recognized by the University Grants Commission / All India Council for Technical Education or an Equivalent qualification.Must be a graduate in Engineering (Civil/Mechanical) from any University in Indian established or incorporated by or under Central Act, Provincial Act or a State Act or an institution recognised by the University Grants Commission or an equivalent qualification.
No. Of Post : 1716 Posts.
Age Limit : 18-34 Years.
Pay Scale : Rs.16150–42590/-
Application Fee :

(Remittance of Fee) Each applicant must pay Rs. 100/- towards Application Processing Fee and Examination Fee Rs.120/-(if Candidates are not exempted from payment of Fee). Payment of Rs. 100/- towards application processing fee is compulsory for all Applicants. The Applicant should pay the prescribed Fee in any one of the A.P. Online centers / State Bank of India and obtain Fee paid challan with Journal Number in the first instance.(Note: 21/05/2012 is the last date for payment of fee).

How to Apply :

The desirous eligible Candidates may apply On Line between 24/04/2012 to 23/05/2012 .

For More Information http://website.apspsc.gov.in/Documents/NOTIFICATIONS/134.pdf

Guest Lecturer Jobs In Rabindra Bharati University Jan 2012

Organization Name: Rabindra Bharati University
Job Position : Guest Lecturer, Guest Accompanist
Pay Scale: Rs.8000-9000/-PM
Eligibility: MA
Job Location : Kolkata
Last Date: 04-01-2012
Hiring Process : Walk-In .


Jobs Details :- A Walk-in Interview for the following posts for North Bengal Campus, will be held on 4.1.2012 at 3 p.m. in the Committee Room at Jorasanko Campus.

1- Guest Lecturer :

Qualifications : M.A in Dance / Practice on Yoga for Dance with Diploma.
No. Of Post : 01 Posts.
Pay Scale : Rs.9000/- consolidated
2- Guest Accompanist :

Qualifications : M.A in Percussion (Tabla) / B.Hai Grade.
No. Of Post : 01 Posts.
Pay Scale: Rs.8000/- consolidated.
How to Apply :

A Walk-in Interview will be held on 4.1.2012 at 3 p.m. in the Committee Room at Jorasanko Campus, 6/4 Dwarkanath Tagore Lane, Kol-700007.

For More Information http://www.rbu.ac.in/notice.php?id=32


 
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